What Happens When an SSL Certificate Expires?

When your SSL certificate expires, your website’s security—and reputation—can be at risk. SSL certificates are essential for encrypting data between your website and its visitors, enabling secure connections and a trustworthy browsing experience. However, many website owners may overlook the importance of renewing their SSL certificates on time, leading to potentially severe consequences.

From browser security warnings that scare visitors away to a drop in SEO rankings, the fallout of an expired SSL certificate can be far-reaching. This guide will help you understand exactly what happens when an SSL certificate expires, and how you can prevent these issues from affecting your site.

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Table of Contents

1. Why SSL Certificates Expire
2. What Happens When an SSL Certificate Expires?
3. Common Errors and Browser Warnings for Expired SSL Certificates
4. What to Do When Your SSL Certificate Expires
5. How to Prevent Your SSL Certificate From Expiring
6. Potential Security Risks of an Expired SSL Certificate

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Why SSL Certificates Expire

SSL certificates are designed to provide a layer of security by encrypting communication between a website and its users. However, these certificates have a set validity period, usually between 1 to 2 years, depending on the provider. The reason for this expiration is to ensure that websites regularly update their encryption methods, which keeps them aligned with the latest security protocols.

Over time, encryption standards evolve, and a trusted certificate authority (CA) must verify that a website owner is still in control of the domain. Expiration helps mitigate risks like outdated encryption algorithms, compromised certificates, or issues with outdated root certificates in the trust chain. By forcing periodic renewals and requiring Domain Control Validation (DCV), it ensures that the website’s security is up to date, protecting both the site owner and its visitors.

Without regular renewal, your website can become vulnerable to attacks. Once an SSL certificate expires, browsers will immediately recognize the site as insecure, triggering warnings for users that can severely impact traffic and trust.

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What Happens When an SSL Certificate Expires?

When an SSL certificate expires, the consequences can be immediate and damaging to both the website’s functionality and reputation. Here’s what typically happens:

1. Browser Warnings. As soon as your SSL certificate expires, visitors to your site will see warning messages from their browsers. These warnings might include phrases like “Your connection is not private” or “This site is not secure.” Major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Edge display these messages prominently, often discouraging users from proceeding to your website. These alerts can result in a significant drop in traffic, as users are unlikely to trust a site that is flagged due to an expired security certificate.
2. Loss of HTTPS and the Padlock Symbol. Once expired, your site will lose its HTTPS status, which means it will no longer be marked as secure. The padlock symbol next to your URL, which signifies that the connection is encrypted, will disappear. Visitors who rely on this visual cue for secure browsing will lose confidence in your site.
3. SEO Penalties. An expired digital certificate can also negatively impact your SEO. Google favors sites that use an encrypted HTTPS connection, and when your site reverts to an insecure HTTP status, it may experience a decline in search engine rankings. This can result in fewer clicks, less visibility, and ultimately a drop in revenue if left unresolved.
4. Potential for Security Breaches. Without a valid SSL certificate, the data transmitted between your site and its users is no longer encrypted. This opens up opportunities for man-in-the-middle attacks, where hackers can intercept sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data. Such vulnerabilities put both your business and your users at risk.

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Common Errors and Browser Warnings for Expired SSL Certificates

When an SSL certificate expires, each major browser displays its own security warning to visitors. These alerts are designed to warn users that their connection to the website is not secure, which can deter them from continuing to the site. Here are the most common browser-specific error messages:

1. In Google Chrome, visitors will see the prominent warning: “Your connection is not private.” This error message often comes with the additional warning code NET::ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID, indicating that the SSL certificate has expired or is no longer valid. Most users will be hesitant to bypass this warning, especially when they see the “Not Secure” label next to the URL.
2. In Mozilla Firefox, users are greeted with a full-page message stating “Warning: Potential Security Risk Ahead.” Firefox also provides the option to view details about the expired certificate, such as its expiry date. The browser strongly advises users against continuing to the website.
3. In Microsoft Edge, the warning message reads, “This site is not secure,” followed by an explanation that attackers might be trying to steal information from the website. Like the other browsers, Edge displays a red alert page, making it clear that proceeding could lead to security risks.
4. In Safari, users will see a message that states, “This connection is not private.” The browser will advise users that attackers may be attempting to steal their personal information and provide options to either go back or proceed, but with a clear warning about the risks involved.

All of these browser-specific errors can significantly damage your site’s traffic and reputation. Most users will immediately leave a site when faced with these warnings stating that the security certificate expired, fearing for the security of their personal data. This can lead to higher bounce rates, lost customers, and reduced revenue.

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What to Do When Your SSL Certificate Expires

If your SSL certificate has expired, you need to act quickly to minimize the damage to your website’s security, reputation, and SEO. Here’s a step-by-step guide on what to do:

1. Check the Expiration Status

The first thing you should do is confirm whether your SSL certificate has expired. This can be done in several ways:

• Use online tools like SSL Labs or your hosting provider’s control panel to check the status of your SSL certificate.
• Visit your website and look for the “Not Secure” label in the browser’s address bar. If you see this, your certificate may be expired.

2. Contact Your SSL Provider

Once you’ve confirmed that your SSL certificate has expired, contact your SSL provider immediately. You may have received renewal reminders prior to the SSL certificate expiration date, but if not, most providers will allow you to renew SSL certificates quickly.

3. Renew the SSL Certificate

You will need to renew your SSL certificate through your provider. The process is straightforward:

• Log in to your provider’s dashboard.
• Select the option to renew the certificate.
• Verify ownership of your domain by submitting a new Certificate Signing Request (CSR), if required.
• Complete the payment and issuance process.

4. Reinstall the SSL Certificate

Once you’ve renewed the SSL certificate, you will need to reinstall it on your server. The exact steps vary depending on your hosting provider, but typically involve:

• Downloading the new SSL certificate from your provider.
• Uploading the certificate to your server using your control panel or FTP.
• Configuring the SSL settings to ensure your site runs over HTTPS.

5. Test the New Certificate

After reinstalling the certificate, it’s crucial to test it to ensure everything is working correctly. Use tools like SSL Labs’ SSL Test to verify that your site is secure and running with the new certificate.

6. Minimize Downtime

To avoid prolonged disruptions, monitor the validity periods of your certificates and aim to complete the certificate renewal process as quickly as possible. While most SSL providers allow for a short grace period after expiration it’s essential to act fast to prevent losing visitors and SEO rankings.

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How to Prevent Your SSL Certificate From Expiring

Preventing your SSL certificate from expiring is critical to maintaining your website’s security and user trust. Here are some effective steps you can take to ensure that your SSL certificate is always up to date:

1. Set Up Renewal Reminders

Most SSL providers send renewal reminders via email as your certificate’s expiration date approaches. However, it’s also a good idea to set up your own reminders. You can:

• Use calendar apps like Google Calendar or Outlook to schedule notifications a month or two before SSL certificate expiration.
• Set multiple reminders at different intervals (e.g., 60 days, 30 days, and 7 days before the certificate expiry date), or implement a certificate lifecycle management solution to automate the process.

2. Enable Auto-Renewal

Many SSL providers offer an auto-renewal option, which takes the hassle out of manually renewing your certificate. When you enable auto-renewal, your provider will automatically issue a new certificate before the current one expires, preventing any downtime or security warnings.

Make sure to double-check that your billing details are up to date to avoid any auto-renewal failures.

3. Keep Track of Multiple SSL Certificates

If you manage several websites or subdomains that each have their own SSL certificates, it’s essential to keep track of each certificate’s expiration date. You can:

• Use SSL monitoring tools to track all your digital certificates in one place.
• Maintain a spreadsheet or a centralized system with all the expiration dates and renewal schedules for your various domains and subdomains.

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Potential Security Risks of an Expired SSL Certificate

When an SSL certificate expires, your website becomes vulnerable to a range of security risks. Without encryption, sensitive data exchanged between your site and its visitors is no longer protected, exposing both parties to potential threats. Here are some of the most significant risks associated with an expired SSL certificate:

1. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks. One of the primary functions of an SSL certificate is to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. These attacks occur when a hacker intercepts the communication between a user and a website. Without SSL encryption, an attacker can easily access, modify, or steal the data being transmitted, such as login credentials, personal information, or credit card details.
2. Data Interception. Without a valid SSL certificate, all data transferred between your website and your users is sent in plaintext. This means that hackers can intercept and read sensitive information, such as passwords or payment information. Data interception can result in identity theft, financial loss, and a breach of user trust.
3. Loss of Data Integrity. An expired certificate also affects the integrity of the data transmitted on your website. Hackers can tamper with or manipulate the data exchanged between your server and your users. This not only puts sensitive data at risk but can also result in misinformation being delivered to users, which can harm your reputation and credibility.
4. Security Compliance Violations. For websites that handle sensitive user information, such as e-commerce platforms or healthcare websites, security certificates are a critical requirement for maintaining compliance with security regulations like PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). When your SSL certificate expires, you may be in violation of these regulations, which can lead to fines, legal consequences, and loss of business relationships.
5. Phishing and Impersonation Risks. Expired SSL certificates make your website a more attractive target for phishing attacks. Attackers can create a fraudulent version of your website using rogue certificates that mirrors the expired SSL warning and trick users into entering sensitive information. Without SSL encryption, your website becomes easier to impersonate, increasing the risk of phishing scams that target your users.

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Stay Protected by Renewing Your SSL Certificate on Time

If you’re looking for a reliable, secure, and affordable solution, SSL Dragon offers a wide variety of SSL certificates to suit your website’s needs. Whether you need a Domain Validation (DV) certificate for a small blog or an Organization Validation (OV) or Extended Validation (EV) certificate for a high-traffic e-commerce site, SSL Dragon has you covered.

Don’t wait until your SSL/TLS certificate expires—explore SSL Dragon’s options today and ensure your website remains secure, trusted, and compliant at all times.